File manager

The file manager in the hosting control panel allows you to perform basic file operations:

1.    Creating files and folders
2.    Uploading small files to the hosting (up to 1 GB)
3.    Copying, deleting, and moving files
4.    Renaming files
5.    Working with archives
6.    Editing the contents of text files
7.    Managing file and folder permissions (access rights)
8.    Calculating used disk space

1. Creating Files and Folders

To create a file or folder in the file manager, click the Create File (Создать файл) button on the toolbar.

Enter the name of the new file, change the access permissions if necessary, and click Create (Создать).

Once Created (Создать), the file will appear in the list.

To create a folder, click the Create Folder (Создать папку) button on the toolbar.

Enter the folder name, adjust permissions if needed, and click Create (Создать).

The folder will then appear in the list.

2. Uploading Files

The file manager allows you to upload files up to 1 GB in size. For uploading large volumes of data or bigger files, we recommend using FTP.

To upload a file, click the Select (Выбрать) button:

In the new window, click Add (Добавить), select the file on your computer, then click Upload (Загрузить):

3. Copying, Deleting, and Moving Files and Folders

To perform actions on multiple files or folders (copying, deleting, moving), check the boxes next to the desired items.

Then, from the toolbar at the top, choose the appropriate action:

• To delete: click Delete (Удалить)

• To copy click Copy (Копировать), to move click Cut (Вырезать)

• Navigate to the destination folder, click Action Selection (Выбор действия), and choose Paste (Вставить). The files will be moved.

4. Renaming Files

To rename a file or folder, check the box to the left of the item’s name, then click the Rename (Переименовать) icon. In the pop-up window, enter the new name and click Save (Сохранить).

5. Working with Archives

The file manager allows you to create and extract archives. Please note that these operations require sufficient free disk space on your hosting account to accommodate the created archive or the extracted data. If there is not enough free space, you can increase your file storage quota via Resources (Ресурсы) — Quota Management (Управдение квотами) in the hosting control panel.

To create an archive: Select the files and folders you want to include. Click Archiver (Архиватор), then choose Add to Archive (Добавить в архив). The archive will be created in the current folder.

To extract an archive: Select the archive by checking the box next to it. Click Archiver (Архиватор), then choose Extract Archive (Распаковать архив). The archive will be extracted into the current folder.

6. Editing Files

The file manager in the control panel includes a built-in text editor. To edit a file, click on its name. The editor will open in the same window. To save changes, click the Save (Сохранить) button at the bottom of the page.

7. File and Directory Permissions

Each file and directory has three access attributes (permissions):

1. Read — indicated by the letter r (from Read)
2. Write — indicated by the letter w (from Write)
3. Execute — indicated by the letter x (from eXecute). On shared hosting, execute permission only applies to directories and CGI scripts. For regular files (HTML pages, images, PHP scripts, etc.), the execute permission is not applicable.

Directory Permissions:

• r (read) — allows viewing the directory contents
• w (write) — allows creating and deleting files in the directory
• x (execute) — allows entering (navigating into) the directory

There are two ways to represent permissions: symbolic (letter-based) and numeric. Permission Mapping:

Numeric	Symbolic	Meaning
0	---	No permissions
1	--x	Execute only
2	-w-	Write only
3	-wx	Write and execute
4	r--	Read only
5	r-x	Read and execute
6	rw-	Read and write
7	rwx	Read, write, and execute

User Categories

Each file or directory has permissions for three user categories:

1. Owner — the user who owns the file or directory
2. Group — the group the owner belongs to
3. Others — all other users

In both symbolic and numeric formats, permissions are listed in the following order:

• For symbolic format, the first three characters define the owner's permissions, the second three define the group's permissions, and the third three define the permissions of all other users.
• If a numeric record is used, the first number determines the rights of the owner's permissions, the second - the group's permissions, and the third - the permissions of all other users.

Numeric	Symbolic	Owner	Group	Others
755	rwxr-xr-x	full access	read and execute	read and execute
644	rw-r--r--	read and write	read only	read only
555	r-xr-xr-x	read and execute	read and execute	read and execute

What permissions should be set

Usually the correct permissions for directories are 755, and for files - 644, but there may be exceptions that the website developer should be aware of. Refer to your CMS documentation or relevant support resources for specific requirements.

Changing Permissions in the Hosting Control Panel

You can modify file or directory permissions in the Access (Доступ) column of the file manager. New directories are created with 755 (rwxr-xr-x) by default. New files are created with 644 (rw-r--r--) by default. To change permissions: Click on the permission value in the Access (Доступ) column next to the file or folder.

In the pop-up window, adjust the desired permissions.

Legend:

• «r» — read permission
• «w» — write permission
• «x» — execute (file execution / folder access)
• «–» — no permission

Changing Permissions via SSH

To set permissions for a specific file or directory:

1. Connect via SSH
2. Run the command:

where:
/home/id_hosting/name — is the absolute path to your file or directory
644 — are the desired permissions.

Done! The permissions have been updated.

To recursively set permissions for all directories and files on your site:

1. Connect via SSH
2. Run the following commands:

where:
/home/id_hosting/catalog_name — is the absolute path to the target directory
The first command sets all directories to 755. The second command sets all files to 644.

Done! File and directory permissions have been updated.

8. Checking Disk Usage

To view the disk space used by specific folders or files, click the Show (Показать) link in the Size (Размер) column.